Acute purulent encephalitis, also known as pyogenic encephalitis or suppurative encephalitis, is a severe and life-threatening condition characterized by the inflammation and infection of the brain parenchyma, resulting in the formation of pus. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, although it can also be caused by fungal or viral infections.
The term "acute" refers to the sudden onset and rapid progression of symptoms exhibited by the affected individual. The infection leading to acute purulent encephalitis typically arises from an adjacent infection site, such as a sinus or middle ear infection, or through the bloodstream. The infection causes an aggressive inflammatory response, leading to the accumulation of pus within the brain.
Symptoms of acute purulent encephalitis may include fever, severe headache, stiff neck, altered mental status, seizures, sensory disturbances, and focal neurological deficits. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the extent and location of the infection within the brain.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing acute purulent encephalitis. Diagnostic tests such as blood cultures, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, imaging studies, and brain biopsy may be performed to confirm the presence of the infection and identify the causative microorganism.
Treatment typically involves the administration of broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics to target the underlying bacterial infection. Supportive care, including controlling fever, managing seizures, and ensuring adequate hydration and nutrition, is provided alongside the antibiotic therapy. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to drain any abscesses or reduce intracranial pressure.
Due to its aggressive nature, acute purulent encephalitis carries a significant risk of complications, including neurologic deficits, seizures, and even death. Early recognition, appropriate management,
