Arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) refers to a type of virus that is primarily transmitted to humans and other animals through the bite of infected arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, and sandflies. Arthropods act as vectors for these viruses, serving as carriers and facilitating their transmission from one host to another.
Arboviruses belong to various families, including Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, Bunyaviridae, and Reoviridae. Examples of well-known arthropod-borne viruses include Zika virus, dengue virus, West Nile virus, and Chikungunya virus. These viruses cause a wide range of diseases in humans, with symptoms varying from mild fever and rash to severe neurological complications and even death.
The transmission cycle of arthropod-borne viruses typically involves a complex interplay between the virus, the arthropod vector, and animal or human hosts. The arthropod bites an infected host, allowing the virus to enter its body. The virus then replicates within the arthropod, subsequently infecting the salivary glands. When the infected arthropod bites another host, the virus is transmitted through its saliva, infecting the new host.
Prevention and control of arthropod-borne viruses mainly rely on measures that target the arthropod vector, such as insecticide use, personal protective measures (e.g., repellents, long clothing), and vector habitat reduction. Vaccines and antiviral drugs may also play a role in managing specific arbovirus infections. Given the global distribution of arthropod vectors and the potential for outbreaks, understanding and monitoring arthropod-borne viruses are crucial for public health and disease control
