Basilar artery stenoses refer to the narrowing or constriction of the basilar artery, which is a major blood vessel located at the base of the brain. The basilar artery is responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the posterior cerebral circulation, which includes the brainstem, cerebellum, and occipital lobes. Stenosis occurs when there is a build-up of plaque or fatty deposits in the inner lining of the artery, causing a decrease in blood flow.
This condition can have various causes, including atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the accumulation of plaque within the arteries, or embolism, where a blood clot or debris blocks the artery. Other potential causes may include congenital abnormalities, vasculitis, or radiation therapy.
As the basilar artery provides a critical blood supply to vital brain structures, stenosis in this artery can lead to significant neurological symptoms and complications. Some common symptoms of basilar artery stenosis include dizziness, balance problems, vertigo, headaches, visual disturbances, weakness, difficulty speaking, and cognitive impairments.
Diagnosis of basilar artery stenosis typically involves medical imaging techniques such as computed tomography angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Treatment options depend on the severity of the stenosis and may include lifestyle modifications, medication to lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, antiplatelet medications to prevent blood clots, or surgical interventions like angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery.
Prompt identification and management of basilar artery stenoses are crucial to prevent potential complications such as stroke or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) that can result in long-term disability or even death.
