BATTLE OF CUNAXA Meaning and
Definition
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The Battle of Cunaxa refers to a significant military encounter that occurred in 401 BCE between two powerful factions in ancient Mesopotamia. It marked an important moment in the declining years of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. The conflict emerged from a power struggle to claim the Persian throne after the death of King Darius II in 405 BCE.
The battle took place near Cunaxa, a city located in modern-day Iraq. It involved the forces of Artaxerxes II, the Persian king, and his younger brother Cyrus the Younger, who sought to overthrow Artaxerxes and ascend to the throne. The main contributing factor to its historical significance was that it was one of the first instances in which Greek mercenaries played a prominent role, as Cyrus employed them to bolster his army against the loyal forces of Artaxerxes.
Despite initial success and the slaying of Artaxerxes' general, Cyrus' forces ultimately suffered defeat. The outcome of the Battle of Cunaxa led to Cyrus' death on the battlefield, leaving Artaxerxes as the rightful ruler of Persia. The event triggered a series of repercussions, including the Greek mercenaries' treacherous retreat known as the "March of the Ten Thousand," which consisted of their harrowing journey through hostile territory back to Greece.
The Battle of Cunaxa holds importance not only for its impact on Persian history and the struggle between two brothers for the throne but also for its role in showcasing the influence of Greek military tactics and mercenaries beyond their homeland.
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