BOILING WATER REACTOR Meaning and
Definition
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A boiling water reactor (BWR) is a type of nuclear reactor design that utilizes the boiling of water as a coolant and moderator for the nuclear fission reactions. It is a thermal-neutron reactor that operates on the principle of sustained nuclear chain reactions to generate heat for electricity production. The BWR design is one of the most common and well-established forms of light-water reactors (LWRs).
In a boiling water reactor, fission reactions occur within fuel rods, which generate immense heat. The heat produced by the fission reactions rapidly raises the temperature of the water surrounding the fuel rods, causing it to boil. The steam produced directly from the boiling water is channeled to a turbine, where its energy is converted into rotary motion to generate electricity.
One significant feature of a BWR is its ability to eliminate the need for a separate heat exchanger, as the water is used both as a coolant and to generate steam for electricity production. This makes the BWR design relatively simple and cost-effective. However, due to the potential presence of radioactive substances, special safety measures and containment structures are required to ensure the protection of the environment and public safety.
With its efficient power generation capability and simplified design, the boiling water reactor has become an integral part of many nuclear power plants across the world. Its application in electricity generation serves as an important alternative to traditional fossil fuel-based power sources while minimizing greenhouse gas emissions.
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