Brachycera is a taxonomic suborder of insects belonging to the order Diptera, commonly known as the true flies. The term "brachycera" originates from the Greek words "brachys," meaning short, and "keras," meaning horn or antenna, which is an apt description of the shortened antennae found in this group.
Flies belonging to the suborder Brachycera are characterized by their distinctive physical attributes. One of the most distinguishing features is their shortened antennae, which may be two- to three-segmented. The suborder is further classified into several families, including the Muscidae (house flies), Syrphidae (hoverflies), Tabanidae (horse flies), and many more.
Members of Brachycera typically have stout bodies, large compound eyes, and mouthparts adapted for sucking or piercing. They possess only one pair of functional wings, while the hindwings are reduced to small structures called halteres, which aid in maintaining balance during flight.
The flies within Brachycera exhibit a wide range of ecological lifestyles, with some species being pests, while others serve as important pollinators or decomposers. Some Brachycera species are known vectors of diseases to humans and animals, making them of significant medical and veterinary importance. Researchers study this suborder extensively to understand their biology, behavior, and ecological roles.
In summary, Brachycera refers to a taxonomic suborder of true flies characterized by their short antennae, one pair of functional wings, stout bodies, and various ecological lifestyles.
