Brain arterial disease, also known as cerebrovascular disease, refers to a group of medical conditions characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the brain. It primarily affects the arteries that carry blood to the brain, resulting in diminished blood flow, which can lead to various complications.
There are different types of brain arterial diseases, including atherosclerosis, cerebral aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and carotid artery disease. Atherosclerosis is the most common form, where fatty deposits, called plaques, build up inside the arteries, causing them to become hardened and narrowed. This can lead to reduced blood flow or complete blockage, commonly resulting in a stroke.
Cerebral aneurysms are characterized by abnormal bulging or ballooning of the blood vessels in the brain. If the aneurysm ruptures, it can cause bleeding within the brain, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital abnormalities in which the connections between the arteries and veins in the brain are abnormal, potentially causing blood clots or bleeding.
Carotid artery disease occurs when the arteries in the neck that supply blood to the brain become narrowed or blocked due to atherosclerosis. This restricts blood flow to the brain and may increase the risk of stroke.
The symptoms of brain arterial disease can vary depending on the specific condition and affected area of the brain, but common manifestations include headaches, dizziness, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, weakness or numbness on one side of the body, and vision problems.
Treatment for brain arterial disease aims to prevent further complications and manage existing conditions. It can involve lifestyle modifications, medication to control blood pressure and cholesterol levels, surgical
