A brain vascular malformation refers to an abnormality or structural defect occurring in the blood vessels of the brain. It is a broad term that encompasses various conditions affecting the arteries, veins, capillaries, or the combination of these vessels in the brain.
There are different types of brain vascular malformations, including arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), cavernous malformations, dural arteriovenous fistulas, and telangiectasias. AVMs are characterized by abnormal connections between arteries and veins, bypassing the normal capillary system. Cavernous malformations consist of enlarged blood vessels with thin walls and are prone to leakage and bleeding. Dural arteriovenous fistulas involve an abnormal connection between arteries and veins within the dura mater, the outermost layer of the brain coverings. Telangiectasias are small, dilated blood vessels that become larger than usual and can also contribute to abnormal bleeding.
Brain vascular malformations may lead to symptoms such as seizures, headaches, cognitive impairment, or neurological deficits, depending on the location, size, and type of malformation. Treatment options may include surgical removal, embolization (blocking the blood flow), or radiation therapy, based on the specific condition and individual circumstances.
It is essential for individuals with brain vascular malformations to seek medical attention and follow up with appropriate specialists, such as neurologists, neurosurgeons, or interventional radiologists, to manage the condition effectively and prevent potentially life-threatening complications, such as bleeding or stroke.
