A brown rat, also known as Rattus norvegicus, is a common species of rodent belonging to the Muridae family. It is a medium-sized rat with a distinctive brown fur coloration, which varies from light brown to dark brown, hence the name. The brown rat is native to Asia but has spread to various parts of the world, becoming one of the most widespread and successful rat species.
Measuring around 12-16 inches in length, excluding the tail, the brown rat possesses a robust body with a pointed nose, prominent ears, and a hairless, scaly tail that is slightly shorter than its body. It has sharp incisors that continuously grow throughout its lifetime, helping it gnaw through different materials.
These rats are highly adaptable and can thrive in diverse habitats ranging from urban environments to forests and grasslands. They are primarily nocturnal, emerging at night to search for food, which consists of a wide array of items including grains, fruits, vegetables, insects, and even small vertebrates.
Due to their reproductive capacity, brown rats can quickly establish large populations, making them notorious for their ability to infest buildings, particularly areas with improper sanitation. They are known to transmit diseases to humans, such as leptospirosis, salmonellosis, and rat-bite fever.
The brown rat is a highly intelligent and social animal, often living in colonies or groups called mischief. They communicate using various vocalizations, ultrasonic sounds, and scent markings. Additionally, they construct intricate burrows underground for shelter and reproduction.
Overall, the brown rat is a cosmopolitan and adaptable rodent that can be found in numerous habitats worldwide, known for its brown fur, larger size, and ability to thrive in close proximity to human dwellings.
