Cholemesia is a medical condition characterized by the presence of bile in the vomit. It is a term derived from the combination of "chole" meaning bile and "emesis" referring to vomiting. The condition occurs due to the backward flow of bile from the small intestine to the stomach and subsequently expelled through the mouth.
Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, which aids in the breakdown and absorption of fats. Under normal circumstances, bile is released into the small intestine to help with digestion. However, in cases of cholemesia, a disruption in the normal flow occurs, leading to the regurgitation of bile.
Cholemesia can be caused by several factors, including gallbladder dysfunction, gallstones, obstruction of the bile ducts, or structural abnormalities in the digestive system. It can also be a symptom of more serious conditions such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, or even cancer.
The hallmark sign of cholemesia is the presence of yellow-green bile in the vomit, which may have a bitter taste and foul odor. Other associated symptoms may include abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea, and loss of appetite.
Diagnosis of cholemesia involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and potentially further investigations such as blood tests, abdominal imaging, or endoscopy. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, dietary modifications, or surgical interventions.
Prompt medical attention should be sought in cases of cholemesia to determine the cause and initiate appropriate treatment to alleviate symptoms and prevent any potential complications.
