The coral bean tree, scientifically known as Erythrina herbacea, is a deciduous, perennial flowering tree native to the southeastern United States. It belongs to the Fabaceae family and is often referred to as the Cherokee bean, red cardinal, or Cardinal Spear.
The coral bean tree typically grows up to 20 feet in height and has a slender, irregularly-shaped trunk with a grayish-brown bark. Its leaves are trifoliate and medium to dark green in color, presenting a tropical look. The striking attraction of this tree is its vibrant flowers, which bloom in clusters of show-stopping red or occasionally pink petals. The inflorescence forms long, graceful stocks, with each stock bearing multiple blossoms. These dazzling flowers attract pollinators such as hummingbirds and butterflies, contributing to the tree's ecological significance.
The coral bean tree thrives in a range of soil types and prefers full sun exposure for optimal growth and flowering. The tree is well-known for its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, making it a valuable component in ecological restoration and soil improvement projects. Additionally, its seeds and roots contain alkaloids that possess medicinal properties, leading to their traditional use in Native American herbal medicine.
While the coral bean tree is widely cultivated as an ornamental species due to its aesthetic appeal, it is essential to note that all parts of the tree, particularly the seeds, contain toxic compounds that can be harmful if ingested. Therefore, caution is advised when planting this tree, especially in areas frequented by children or pets.
