The European Water Shrew, scientifically known as Neomys fodiens, is a small semi-aquatic mammal indigenous to various parts of Europe. This species belongs to the shrew family (Soricidae) and is renowned for its distinctive adaptations and lifestyle.
The European Water Shrew possesses a streamlined body, measuring approximately 10 to 13 centimeters in length, and a tail measuring approximately 7-10 centimeters. Its fur is velvety and dense, typically dark brown or nearly black, while its belly exhibits a lighter shade. One prominent characteristic of this shrew is its venomous saliva, which is produced by modified salivary glands. These venomous secretions serve both as a defense mechanism and to immobilize prey.
As suggested by its name, the European Water Shrew is mainly found in habitats near water bodies such as rivers, streams, and marshes. It is an exceptional swimmer, equipped with strong limbs, a flattened head, and partially webbed feet. This enables the shrew to navigate through water with remarkable ease and agility while hunting for small invertebrates, including spiders, insects, and small aquatic vertebrates.
Being primarily nocturnal, the European Water Shrew constructs tunnel networks within banks, shores, and other vegetative areas close to water sources, providing shelter and safety. It tends to be solitary and highly territorial, with each individual defending its own distinct territory.
While this shrew species faces various threats like habitat degradation, pollution, and predation, it remains widespread across its range. Consequently, its conservation status is currently rated as of "Least Concern" according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
