EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE NEURITIS Meaning and
Definition
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Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis (EAN) is a neurological disorder characterized by inflammation and subsequent damage to the peripheral nerves. It is primarily an experimental model used in laboratory animals to study the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention strategies for human inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome.
In EAN, the immune system mistakenly identifies components of the peripheral nerves as foreign and launches an immune response against them. This immune response triggers an inflammatory process that leads to the destruction of the myelin sheath, a protective covering surrounding the nerve fibers. The demyelination process disrupts the normal transmission of nerve signals, resulting in a wide range of symptoms and neurological deficits.
The onset of EAN often involves motor weakness, sensory loss, and impaired coordination. Other common symptoms include muscle atrophy, pain, abnormal reflexes, and an overall reduction in nerve function. The severity and specific symptoms can vary depending on the extent and location of nerve damage.
EAN is typically induced in laboratory animals, such as rats or mice, through immunization with specific proteins found in the peripheral nerves. This triggers an autoimmune response that causes the development of EAN-like symptoms. The animal model allows researchers to study the underlying mechanisms involved in the development and progression of the disease, as well as evaluate potential therapeutic approaches. The knowledge gained from studying EAN can contribute to understanding and managing similar autoimmune neuropathies in humans.
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