Human enterovirus D (HEV-D) is a species within the enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. Enteroviruses are small, non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that commonly infect humans. HEV-D is known for causing a wide range of diseases and illnesses in humans, including but not limited to, respiratory infections, central nervous system infections, and acute flaccid paralysis.
HEV-D is typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route, although it can also be spread through respiratory secretions or contaminated surfaces. The virus primarily affects children, particularly those under the age of five, although individuals of any age can become infected. HEV-D infections can occur worldwide and are more common during the summer and autumn seasons.
Symptoms of HEV-D infection can vary, ranging from mild respiratory symptoms such as common cold or flu-like symptoms to more severe manifestations like meningitis, encephalitis, or even acute flaccid paralysis. Diagnosis is often confirmed through laboratory testing of clinical samples, primarily by detecting the virus's genetic material in the patient's specimen.
There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for HEV-D infections. Management involves supportive care to alleviate symptoms and complications. Prevention of HEV-D infections primarily relies on good personal hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing, proper sanitation, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals.
In summary, human enterovirus D is a subtype of the enterovirus genus responsible for causing various diseases, predominantly in young children. Timely diagnosis, appropriate management, and preventive measures are crucial in controlling the spread and impact of HEV-D infections.
