Leishmania leishmania infantum, also known as Leishmania infantum, is a microscopic parasitic protozoan responsible for causing the disease known as visceral leishmaniasis, also called kala-azar. It is a member of the genus Leishmania, which belongs to the family Trypanosomatidae.
Leishmania leishmania infantum is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies, specifically the species of the Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia genera. These sandflies are commonly found in regions with a warmer climate, including parts of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin, South America, and parts of Asia and Africa.
Once inside the human host, Leishmania leishmania infantum primarily affects the immune system cells, such as macrophages and monocytes. This leads to the development of visceral leishmaniasis, which affects various organs, including the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes.
Symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis can vary, but commonly include prolonged fever, weight loss, fatigue, enlargement of the liver and spleen, anemia, and an increase in susceptibility to infections. If left untreated, this disease can be fatal.
Prevention and control of Leishmania leishmania infantum infection mainly involve vector control measures such as using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding the habitats of sandflies. There are also treatment options available for infected individuals, including medications such as antimonials, amphotericin B, and miltefosine.
In conclusion, Leishmania leishmania infantum is a parasitic protozoan that causes visceral leishmaniasis and is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected
