Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) is a small, non-enveloped virus belonging to the Parvoviridae family that primarily infects laboratory mice. It is named after its minute size, measuring only 20-22 nm in diameter. MVM has a linear, single-stranded DNA genome encapsulated within an icosahedral protein shell composed of viral capsid proteins.
MVM is primarily transmitted through the respiratory route or via direct contact with contaminated feces, urine, or saliva. It predominantly infects the liver, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues of mice, causing a variety of diseases ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe conditions. Mice infected with Minute Virus of Mice may exhibit characteristics such as growth retardation, reduced fertility, mild anemia, thymic atrophy, and immunosuppression.
The virus replicates within the nucleus of infected cells, leading to the formation of viral replication centers. It has a tropism for rapidly dividing cells, particularly those in the S phase of the cell cycle. MVM elicits an immune response in mice, inducing the production of neutralizing antibodies and cellular immunity.
Research on Minute Virus of Mice has provided valuable insights into viral replication, pathogenesis, and host immune responses. Due to its unique characteristics and limited host range, MVM has emerged as an important model system to study parvovirus biology and develop potential antiviral therapeutics.
