Pronunciation: [ɹˈʌn dˈa͡ʊn] (IPA) 
The phrase "run down" is spelled with two words that are both pronounced differently. "Run" is spelled with the IPA symbols /r/ and /ʌn/, which represent the "r" sound followed by the short "u" vowel sound. "Down" is spelled with the IPA symbols /daʊn/, which represent the "d" sound followed by the diphthong sound "ow" that transitions from the "a" to the "o" sound. Together, the phrase "run down" means to become tired or exhausted.
The term "run down" is a phrasal verb with multiple meanings. It is typically used to describe the act of providing a detailed or concise explanation or evaluation of someone or something. To give a more thorough understanding, a dictionary definition of "run down" is as follows:
1. To provide a concise evaluation or summary of someone, something, or a situation: In this context, "run down" refers to giving a brief account or description, often pointing out the main features, characteristics, or current condition of the subject. For example, a movie reviewer may run down the plot, acting, and cinematography of a film to provide an overall assessment.
2. To become worn out, tired, or weak due to exertion, illness, or neglect: In this sense, "run down" signifies a state of being depleted or fatigued. It often implies a decline in energy, vitality, or overall functioning. For instance, someone who works excessively and neglects self-care might feel run down.
3. To criticize or deride someone: When used in a negative context, "run down" can denote disparaging comments or criticism directed at an individual or their actions. This usage often involves highlighting flaws or shortcomings, aiming to highlight negative aspects.
4. To go or drive quickly, especially in a reckless manner: In this case, "run down" suggests moving swiftly, often at high speed or without caution. It may refer to a vehicle traveling at excessive speed or a person rapidly moving from one place to another.
The term "run down" has multiple etymological origins, depending on the context in which it is used. Here are two possible explanations:
1. In the sense of being exhausted or fatigued, "run down" originated as a phrasal verb in the early 18th century. The word "run" here refers to the decline of one's energy or vitality, as if the person's energy has been completely consumed or exhausted. The term likely draws from the concept of a machine or vehicle breaking down due to prolonged use.
2. In the sense of something being dilapidated, in disrepair, or in a neglected state, "run down" originates from the literal sense of running something down. This phrase emerged in the 19th century and referred to the act of running down a list or inventory, indicating the items that were no longer in good condition or needed attention.
