Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are specialized nerve cells that transmit sensory information, from both internal and external environments, to the central nervous system (CNS). They play a crucial role in our ability to perceive and respond to various stimuli in our surroundings.
These types of neurons are responsible for converting different forms of stimuli into electrical signals, known as action potentials, which are then transmitted to the brain and spinal cord. Sensory neurons are categorized based on the specific type of sensation they transmit, such as touch, temperature, pain, pressure, or chemical stimulation.
The sensory neurons are structured in a way that their dendrites are connected to specialized receptor cells, located in the organs and tissues throughout the body. These receptors can be found in our skin, mucous membranes, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and internal organs.
When these specialized receptor cells are stimulated by external or internal changes, they generate electrical impulses that are conducted towards the central nervous system by sensory neurons. The electrical impulses are relayed from one neuron to another, eventually reaching the brain where they are interpreted and processed, leading to appropriate responses.
Overall, the primary function of sensory neurons is to gather information about the environment and transmit it to the central nervous system for further processing, allowing us to perceive sensory stimuli and respond accordingly.
