TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA RECEPTOR Meaning and
Definition
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Transforming Growth Factor beta Receptor (TGFβR) refers to a group of cell surface proteins that play crucial roles in cell signaling pathways related to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) proteins. TGFβRs are integral membrane proteins found on the surface of numerous cell types throughout the body and are classified into two main groups: type I receptors (TGFβRI) and type II receptors (TGFβRII).
TGFβRs mediate the binding and signaling of TGF-β ligands, which are a family of multifunctional cytokines involved in regulating various cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, immune responses, and tissue development. Upon binding to their specific TGFβRs, TGF-β ligands initiate a signaling cascade that triggers intracellular phosphorylation events and activation of downstream signaling proteins, leading to the modulation of gene expression and cellular responses.
TGFβRIIs primarily act as ligand-binding receptors, whereas TGFβRIs function as signal transducers by transmitting the TGF-β-mediated signals further downstream. The activation of TGFβRI by TGFβRII phosphorylation allows the recruitment and phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules, leading to the activation of downstream Smad-dependent and Smad-independent signaling pathways.
Dysregulation of TGFβRs or the TGF-β signaling pathway has been associated with various pathological conditions and diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, autoimmune disorders, and developmental disorders. Consequently, TGFβRs have become promising therapeutic targets, with the development of various inhibitors and modulators aimed at regulating TGF-β signaling for potential therapeutic interventions.
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