Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is a medical condition characterized by the migration of parasitic larvae through the human body, resulting in tissue damage and inflammation. It is caused by the ingestion of eggs from certain parasitic worms, such as Toxocara species, commonly found in the intestines of dogs and cats. When these eggs are accidentally ingested by humans, they hatch into larvae that can migrate throughout the organs and tissues, causing a range of symptoms.
The larvae primarily target the liver, lungs, central nervous system, and other organs. As they migrate, they provoke an immune response, leading to an inflammatory reaction and subsequent tissue damage. Symptoms of VLM can vary depending on the location and severity of the infection, but commonly include fever, abdominal pain, cough, breathing difficulties, enlarged liver, and swollen lymph nodes.
VLM is most commonly seen in children, particularly those who have close contact with soil or sand containing the infective eggs. It is generally diagnosed through clinical evaluation, medical history, and laboratory testing. Treatment typically involves antiparasitic medications to eliminate the larvae and alleviate symptoms.
Prevention of VLM primarily involves good hygienic practices, such as washing hands thoroughly after handling pets or soil, preventing animal defecation in public areas, and maintaining proper deworming protocols for pets. Public health initiatives to raise awareness of the risks associated with Toxocara species and proper sanitation measures can also help minimize the occurrence of VLM.
